Tests and experiments on fish have also increased significantly over the years (currently at 9.8%) since the Zebra-fish genome was decoded. For example, stroke is well understood, yet modeling the disease accurately in animals has proven to be an exercise in futility. Often the procedures can cause a great deal of suffering. The term animal testing is commonly known as the animal experimenting or animal research seeking the nature of the variants which affects the biological system of the animal body or human being. Typically, the studies are designed such that potential patient or target species is the subject of investigation. As a consequence, nine out of every 10 candidate medicines that appear safe and effective in animal studies fail when given to humans. Such similarities even allow comparisons of genes and metabolic processes between humans and bacteria. Overview on the different activities to elaborate alternative testing methods by OECD . United States (2017) 1,2. The sequencing of the human genome and birth of functional genomics, the explosive growth of computer power and computational biology, and high-speed robot automation of cell-based (in vitro) screening systems, to name a few, has sparked a quiet revolution in biology. The research area that includes testing harmful disease treatments, breeding of more productive animals, defense research, toxicology, and cosmetics testing. The resulting predictions regarding human safety and risk are potentially more relevant to people in the real world than animal tests. Almost 1 million animals are held captive in laboratories or used in experiments (excluding rats, mice, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and agricultural animals used in agricultural experiments), plus an estimated 100 million mice and rats; Canada (2018) 3. Thanks to their shorter life cycles, animals are far better research subjects than humans. Fact Check – Are No Two Snowflakes Exactly Alike? History is full of examples of flawed or basic practices and ideas that were once considered state-of-the-art, only to be superseded years later by something far more sophisticated and successful. Birds and fish are also used for specific experiments. If lack of human relevance is the fatal flaw of “animal models,” then a switch to human-relevant research tools is the logical solution. Animal testing is used in many different industries, mainly medical and cosmetic. An editorial published in Nature Review Drug Discovery described instances involving drugs whose animal testing results could have derailed their development. All procedures, even those classified as “mild,” have the potential to cause the animals physical as well as psychological distress and suffering.

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