Web. N.p. 16 July 2019. https://lasillavacia.com/el-eln-y-las-disidencias-estan-coordinadas-69119, [9]  "El ELN Y Las Disidencias Están Coordinadas." Web.

Web. "Colombia Issues Arrest Orders Against ELN's Central Command."

The US and Colombia's strategic alliance may seem stronger than ever after Washington blacklisted Cuba for refusing to extradite ELN leaders. The ELN met with members of civil society to sign an agreement focusing on humanitarian issues.

24 May 2009.

N.d. London: Routledge, 2010. InSight Crime. 10 January 2019.

Experts worry that Colombian counterinsurgency operations against the ELN in the Colombian-Venezuelan border region may escalate into an interstate conflict between Colombia and Venezuela, as Venezuela might perceive them as an invasion of its territory.[15]. 23 July 2015. http://www.insightcrime.org/colombia-organized-crime-news/eln-profile, [6] “Colombian rebels seek FARC truce.” BBC News.

[1] In the 1970s, the ELN relied on kidnapping for revenue to rebuild after its near destruction by the Colombian military in 1973. Pablito is the newest member of the Central Command. "Alternative Democratic Pole: Profile." 05 July 2019. http://www.insightcrime.org/colombia-organized-crime-news/eln-profile. N.d. Web. 4 October 2002. Web. “ELN declares war on oil companies.” COLOMBIA REPORTS. 5 November 2009. Reuters. Web. 02 July 2019. https://www.crisisgroup.org/latin-america-caribbean/andes/venezuela/073-gold-and-grief-venezuelas-violent-south. N.p. Web.

N.p.

ELN DISPUESTO AL DIÁLOGO, INSISTE EN CESE BILATERAL. 05 July 2019. https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Colombia-Issues-Arrest-Orders-Against-ELNs-Central-Command-20190126-0014.html. 19 October 1998.

Across the country, student, farming and religious communities began to resist autocratic rule and the rigid class system once imposed by the Spanish.

28 February 2019. N.p. In June 2014, President Santos’ government restarted exploratory talks with the ELN.

[26] As of July 2019, Vargas is a member of the Central Command. [2] In 2015, the ELN asked the Catholic Church in Colombia to help it negotiate a ceasefire with the Colombian government.

02 July 2019. https://www.crisisgroup.org/latin-america-caribbean/andes/venezuela/073-gold-and-grief-venezuelas-violent-south.

N.p. N.d. http://www.peacebuilding.no/var/ezflow_site/storage/original/application... [13] Charles, Mathew. N.d.

In 2000, ELN Commander Antonio Garcia said that the group financed its operations four ways: donations, produce sales, voluntary contributions, and taxation. 02 November 2015. 20 March 2019.

29 July 2015. http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/03/13/us-colombia-uribe-idUSN1329827... [4] "Colombia Protest: Thousands March for Peace after Cadet Killings."

5 August 2012. Some argue that Colombian President Pastrana was more interested in negotiating with the FARC than with the ELN and that this preference may have led to the failure of the 2001 peace talks. [5] When the 2012 peace talks began, they excluded the ELN. [4] "ELN." September 2003. http://www.mcnbiografias.com/app-bio/do/show?key=perez-martinez-manuel. In these attacks, the ELN bombed the Caño Limón-Coveñas pipeline in Colombia and killed members of the Colombian armed forces (3 killed, 2 wounded). Following the attack, Duque reinstated Interpol’s warrants for the ELN delegation at the peace talks in Cuba.

N.p. [6], Following the peace deal between the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the Colombian government in 2016, the ELN began to shift its overall goal to focus on demobilization and reintegration. 12 August 2015. http://www.insightcrime.org/colombia-organized-crime-news/eln-profile. Web. BBC News. 17 July 2019. https://www.france24.com/en/20170904-colombia-government-ceasefire-eln-rebels-president-juan-manuel-santos-pope-francis. Web. Crisis Group.

“A possible peace process with the ELN in Colombia.” Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre.

24 May 2009. [1] Although the ideology and actions of the ELN have changed over the group’s lifetime, the ELN remains influenced by the Catholic Church. 10 January 2019. Web. 08 July 2019. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-colombia-rebels-eln/colombia-and-eln-rebels-begin-first-ever-ceasefire-idUSKCN1C61CT. In 1998, the ELN pushed for a National Convention, which would serve a venue for popular participation to tackle social issues. N.p.

[16], Although the ELN has faced some competition from sindicatos, it has cooperated with Venezuelan colectivos, or the paramilitary groups that support Maduro’s regime. 23 July 2015. http://www.insightcrime.org/colombia-organized-crime-news/eln-profile; Edling, Zach. 7 July 2019. https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/3de73bfd4.pdf. BBC News.

[18] Pablito was allegedly one of the orchestrators of the January 2019 attack in Bogotá. The bomb exploded before police could clear the surrounding area (1 killed, 16 wounded). Council on Foreign Relations. The practice has remained the ELN’s modus operandi until today.

; Rp, TeleSUR /. Vásquez Castaño and his brother died in the 1973 Colombian military offensive.

The ELN carried out its first armed action in January 1965, in the neighboring municipality of Simacota.

ONG Fundaredes |.

“A possible peace process with the ELN in Colombia.” Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre. N.p. [4] "Colombia's ELN Rebels Propose Ceasefire for Pope's Visit." [16], In 2012, the ELN tried to negotiate a position for itself at a peace conference between the government of former President Santos and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). [20], The ceasefire between the ELN and the Colombian government ended in January 2019, with the change in power from President Santos to President Duque. 09 May 2019. 23 March 2010. 04 September 2017. 27 July 2015. http://colombiareports.com/colombian-army-bombs-eln-camp-killing-7-guerr... [10] “Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN).” Terrorism Research and Analysis Consortium. Frentes de Guerra. N.d.

“A possible peace process with the ELN in Colombia.” Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre.

[17] Timochenko, a leader of the FARC, supported the inclusion of the ELN at the peace talks.

[18] "#Boletin011: COLECTIVOS ARMADOS TRASLADARON SU VIOLENCIA A POBLACIONES VENEZOLANAS EN FRONTERA CON COLOMBIA."

5 November 2009. Web.

[3] In 2013, the ELN declared war on oil companies for allegedly ‘plundering the country’s natural resources.’ The ELN attacked infrastructure of local towns, including oil pipelines and electricity pylons.

http://www.peacebuilding.no/var/ezflow_site/storage/original/application/6fbc91d2529b493119d3d26a1be9b6e6.pdf.

The ELN’s attack on Simacota was the one of first guerrilla attacks of the armed conflict and made it to the national headlines. Web. In May 2019, ELN commander Pablo Beltrán stated that the ELN’s goal is to end its conflict with the Colombian government and, in return, to assure protections and assistance for the poor throughout the country.

National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism – University of Maryland.

Web.

[10] "ELN."



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