OECD Economic Surveys Costa Rica. Annual Rubber Statistics 2016. In addition to the IMF and the OECD, the WHO and UNESCO also collect and report data on healthcare and education government expenditures. As we can see, the salaries of public servants and other government employees are an important component of public spending in most countries. Recent data on public spending also shows that governments around the world often rely on the private sector to produce and manage goods and services.

This correlation reflects the fact that high-income countries tend to have more capacity to extract revenues, which in turn is due to their capacity to implement efficient tax collection systems. The available long-run data shows that the role and size of governments around the world has changed drastically in the last couple of centuries. In early-industrilized countries, specifically, the historical data shows that public spending increased remarkably in the 20th century, as governments started spending more resources on social protection, education and healthcare. This entry can be cited as: Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone. The US – a country with high baseline levels of inequality – achieves a reduction of around 17%, which is a little over half of the OECD average. If we focus on early-industrialized countries, we can see that there are four broad periods in this chart.

It also includes, for example, purchases of routine office supplies. The term ‘private finance initiative’ is often used to denote a public procurement strategy, whereby governments choose a private firm (or consortium) to construct and operate – and sometimes also finance – public infrastructure. An official website of the United States government

There’s no doubt that good data is a strategic asset to public sector institutions, whether in co-ordinating the national response to the COVID-19 pandemic, supporting and shaping long-term policy initiatives, or improving day-to-day service delivery.Complete, accurate, and accessible enterprise-wide data empowers institutions to make better decisions and take appropriate action, rapidly. (2015), where the authors tried to incorporate expenditure data across all government levels.4 Note that interest payments on debt have been included in both measures of government expenditure.

Pensions data for FYEs 2020 and 2021 are our estimates based on the latest available data. At the other end of the range, in South Korea and the US, the corresponding figures are close to 20%. In our entry on Taxation we discuss the drivers of tax revenues in detail. Since 1980 the growth of government expenditure has been slowing down in early-industrialized countries – and in some cases, it has gone down in relative terms.

In such complicated cases it would be better not to report estimates – even more so considering that the SPEED database reports regional and global averages that are not country-weighted. To produce this database “IFPRI researchers have compiled data from multiple sources, including the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and national governments, and conducted extensive data checks and adjustments to ensure consistent spending measurements over time that are free of exchange-rate fluctuations and currency denomination changes.”.

The vertical axis is expressed by default in a logarithmic scale, so that the correlation is easier to appreciate – you can change to a linear scale by clicking the ‘Log’ button. The IDD provides further details regarding how these estimates are constructed. Add country To allow for cross-country comparability, these estimates are expressed in current PPP US dollars.

In the first period, until the First World War, spending was generally low. Relative to low-income countries, government expenditure in high-income countries tends to be much larger (both in per capita terms, and as share of GDP), and it also tends to be more focused on social protection. Public Sector from The World Bank: Data. As we can see, the group of ‘advanced economies’ dedicates a much larger share of national income specifically to social transfers. The visualization shows the reduction of inequality that different OECD countries achieve through taxes and transfers. Our articles and data visualizations rely on work from many different people and organizations.

Generally speaking, the part of public procurement that does not fall within the category of gross fixed capital formation (e.g. For example, the estimates of government expenditure as a share of GDP in Zimbabwe and Palestine are in the thousands for several years. National Statistics Public sector employment, UK: March 2020 The official measure of people employed in the UK public sector, including private sector estimates, based on …

As we can see, governments in many high-income countries spend substantial resources via outsourcing. International Monetary Fund. The site is secure. You can use all of what you find here for your own research or writing. By construction, the recommended method accounts for changes in stocks, which means that “stock data at the end of an accounting period equal stock data at the beginning of the period plus flows over the period.” You can learn more about the definitions and accounting methods directly from the IMF Government Finance Statistics Manuals and Guides. However, in spite of differences in levels, in all these countries public spending as a share of GDP is higher today than before the Second World War. Recent data on public spending reveals substantial cross-country heterogeneity. make sure you're on a federal government site. "Employment in general government and public corporations", "Employment in General Government and Public Corporations", "Share of employment in the public sector by sex (%)", https://www.ilo.org/ilostat/faces/wcnav_defaultSelection;ILOSTATCOOKIE=AiC8lHvbyZkHSgKV8NmHD-Fk-RhVvHD4BESHNWbkUH7-Bk1VALDb!1669746576?_afrLoop=1092739279134119&_afrWindowMode=0&_afrWindowId=null#!%40%40%3F_afrWindowId%3Dnull%26_afrLoop%3D1092739279134119%26_afrWindowMode%3D0%26_adf.ctrl-state%3D17m2i1zor1_4, https://www.ilo.org/ilostat/faces/oracle/webcenter/portalapp/pagehierarchy/Page27.jspx?subject=EMP&indicator=PSE_TPSE_GOV_NB&datasetCode=A&collectionCode=YI&_afrLoop=1093627555138474&_afrWindowMode=0&_afrWindowId=null#!%40%40%3Findicator%3DPSE_TPSE_GOV_NB%26_afrWindowId%3Dnull%26subject%3DEMP%26_afrLoop%3D1093627555138474%26datasetCode%3DA%26collectionCode%3DYI%26_afrWindowMode%3D0%26_adf.ctrl-state%3D17m2i1zor1_142, National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus, "Численность занятого населения по формам собственности", http://www.xf.gov.cn/zxzx/gjj/202001/t20200123_2016545.shtml, http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/sjjd/202001/t20200117_1723470.html, "CHART OF THE DAY: Guess Which Country Has The Highest Percentage Of Workers Employed By The Government", https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?contextual=default&end=2012&locations=IN&most_recent_value_desc=false&start=1990, https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=15804, "84 pct of Romania's employed population work in the private sector, says INS", "Government-Financed Employment and the Real Private Sector in the 50 States", Current real density based on food growing capacity, Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza, Percentage suffering from undernourishment, Health expenditure by country by type of financing, Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, Progress in International Reading Literacy Study, Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, List of top international rankings by country, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_public_sector_size&oldid=981535528, Articles with dead external links from June 2018, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 2 October 2020, at 22:20.

3 Includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting data from the Current Population Survey, except logging, which is from Current Employment Statistics survey.

As we can see, there are large and persistent differences, even within developing countries. The visualization maps recent estimates of central government expenditure, as share of national incomes, across the world. And this is also true within world regions (represented here with different colors). The visualization shows that this was the result of growth specifically in social spending. Please visit the Download Plug-In page for a full list. In both countries, there appears to be notable inconsistencies both in terms of budget allocation and actual funds distribution between governmental and sub-national entities, and the approval process for spending autonomy by decentralised institutions.5,6. 12/08R). The estimates correspond to the percentage point reduction in inequality, as measured by changes in the Gini coefficients of income, before and after taxes and transfers. You can plot other countries in this visualization by selecting ‘ Annual Transport Statistics Transport statistics presents selected data for land transport sector, including rail, maritime and air in Malaysia.

The chart, from the World Bank’s PPID, shows the evolution of public-private partnerships in infrastructure, aggregating projects across 139 low and middle-income countries.

In India, the government spends about 1,800 US dollars per head (PPP) in one year; while in countries such as Norway, the latest corresponding figure is just over 30,000 US dollars (PPP). The data is from 2016, and is available only for a selection of OECD member countries (plus a few other partner countries reporting data to the OECD under the same methodology).

Before sharing sensitive information, The increase in absolute terms – rather than the shown relative terms – is much larger since the level of GDP per capita increased very substantially over this period. 3 Includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting data from the Current Population Survey, except logging, which is from Current Employment Statistics survey. [6], In OECD countries, the average public sector employment rate was 21.3% in 2013. The map uses the same data, for all countries, to show global patterns. The largest division of US public sector employment is local government, comprising 63.5 percent of public sector employment. Old age expenditure (in the form of pensions and elderly care) typically receives the largest allocation of social spending, followed by health, with either family or incapacity-related benefits typically coming in third. The visualization provides further evidence of the extent of this correlation. In the Netherlands, where general procurement is large, outsourcing purchases account for almost 17% of national income. In the 21st century this figure exceeds 50% in many European countries. Public spending enables governments to produce and purchase goods and services, in order to fulfil their objectives – such as the provision of public goods or the redistribution of resources. If you continue to navigate this website beyond this page, cookies will be placed on your browser. Generally speaking, countries that achieve the largest redistribution through taxes and transfers tend to be those with the lowest after-tax inequality.

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