If, after the creation of a mortgage, the landowner constructs buildings on the mortgaged land, the mortgagee may when necessary apply to a court in the course of compulsory execution procedures to have the buildings sold by auction together with the land, but shall have no preferential right to satisfaction from the proceeds from the sale of such buildings. Succession opens with the death of the deceased. Where an action is mature for decision, the court shall enter a final judgment. The domicile of a minor child is that of the father and mother. Service of process shall be effectuated by an execution officer or post office delegated by the court clerk. According to the provision of the preceding article, a person who restrains the liberty or seizes the property of another shall apply immediately to the court for assistance. Where the application does not fulfill the prerequisites provided in Article 151 of the Civil Code, or there exist other circumstances demanding a denial of such application, the court shall immediately deny such application by a ruling. A legitimate child is the child who is born with the conception during the marriage relationship. One party may claim the other party for returning gift presented for betrothal when the agreement to marry is null and void, or dissolved, or annulled. If the goods were transported by several successive carriers, the last of them may exercise the rights described in Articles 647, 650 and 652 for the amounts due to them all for freight and other expenses.

An advocate's authority shall not terminate by reason of the death, bankruptcy, or loss of the capacity to litigate of the party represented, nor shall it terminate by reason of a change of the statutory agent of the party represented. NO. If, owing to circumstances for which the tourist agency is responsible to the travel doesn't proceed according to the itinerary agreed, the traveler may demand for the injury of a reasonable sum of money which is counted by day, in accordance with the waste of time. If an appeal is not in conformity with the law the court of second instance shall dismiss the appeal by a ruling.

If a period is fixed by days, weeks, months, or years, it ends with the ending of the last day of the period. The motion for restoration to status quo ante and the act of litigation conducted shall be decided jointly by the court in which the motion is filed; but where the original court considers that the motion should be granted and forwards the appeal from the judgment or ruling to its superior court, such motion and appeal shall be decided jointly by the superior court. An action demanding future performance may not be initiated unless it is necessary to make such demand in advance. The same shall be true of any component of the mortgaged property that is separated from it into independent personal property otherwise than in accordance with the ordinary use of the thing. In case securities has been lost, stolen or destroyed, the court may, on the application of the bearer, declare the order invalid by means of proceedings by public summons. No one shall be permitted to waive his legal capacity or capacity to make juridical acts. Remuneration is deemed to have been agreed upon, if in accordance with the circumstances the delivery of the writing is not to take place without remuneration.

Where both parties are close to agreeing on a settlement, they may move the court, the commissioned judge or the assigned judge for a settlement proposal within the scope specified by the parties. The person effecting service shall make a service report, indicating the following matters and signing thereon: When service cannot be effectuated, the person attempting to effect service shall make a report indicating the fact, submit the same to the court to include it in the dossier, and return the paper to be served. The effect of legitimation of a child born out of wedlock is retroactive as from the time of birth, but the existing rights of the third parties will not be affected thereby. Unless shorter periods are provided by the act, a claim is extinguished by prescription if it is not exercised within fifteen years. Where the court considers it necessary, the court may, on its own initiative, render a ruling to perpetuate evidence pending an action. When the mandatory shall receive remuneration, he shall not demand to pay until the end of the mandate and after the mandatory has given a definite report of his accounts, unless otherwise provided by the contract.

In case the thing leased is a real property, either party may apply to the court for an increase or reduction of its rental in proportion to the fluctuation of its value, unless the lease in made for a definite period. Where one of the parties abuses the aforesaid right of agency, the other party may restrict it, but such restriction cannot be set up against any bona fide third party. If the management of the affair is beneficial to the principal and is not against his expressed or presumptive wishes, and where the manager has, for the principal, made necessary or beneficial expenses, or assumed debt, or suffered injury, he is entitled to claim against the principal for the reimbursement of such expenses plus interest commencing from the date of outlay, or the payment of such debt, or compensation for the injury sustained. When enforcing guardianship relating the ward’s life, treatment, and financial management, the guardian shall respect the ward’s intent. A pledge of personal property is extinguished by the destruction or loss of the thing pledged, unless the pledgor is entitled to receive compensation or other benefits as a result of such loss or destruction. The compulsory portion of an heir is determined as follows: A compulsory portion is determined by deducting the amount of debts from the property of the succession as reckoned according to Article 1173. The spouse, any relative by blood within the fourth degree of kinship, and any relative within the second degree of kinship of the ward are not subject to the above restriction. Notwithstanding, the presiding judge may order the court clerk to read aloud the previous transcript instead. The judgment of the court of third instance shall be based on oral argument, except where the court considers it unnecessary to conduct oral argument. Where a judgment was entered based on a decision which falls under the cases provided in the two preceding articles, a rehearing action may be initiated against such judgment. If a debtor incompletely performs his obligation by reason of a circumstance to which the debtor is imputed, the creditor may execute his right according to the provisions of the default or the impossibility of the performance. The depositary shall personally keep the thing deposited. When a third party agrees with the debtor to assume the obligation of the debtor, it is not effective as against the creditor until the creditor has acknowledged. For the purpose of clarifying the relations involved in the action, the commissioned judge may conduct the following activities without holding a session in public: The transcript of the preparatory proceeding shall indicate the following matters: The provisions of the two preceding articles shall apply mutatis mutandis to cases which are adjudicated by a single judge. A debtor or a third party may provide personal property belonging thereto to create a line of credit pledge, for not more than a specified maximum amount, to secure a creditor's unspecified claim within a specific scope against the debtor. If the appointment of the liquidator cannot be made under the preceding article, the court may appoint the liquidator by its authority or upon the application of the authorities concerned, public prosecutor, or interested person. If he fails to do so, he shall compensate for their value according to the said inventory, except it shall be deducted from ordinary wear and tear, resulting from their use. The court of third instance shall, within the scope of the demand made by the appeal, conduct an investigation based on the reasons for the appeal, except for matters which the court should investigate on its own initiative or in cases where an investigation is necessary for ensuring coherence in the interpretation of laws and regulations. Where there is a fact sufficient to prove that the person is the natural father of the child born out of wedlock, the child born out of wedlock, or the mother, or other statutory agent, may claim acknowledgement from the natural father. The same rule shall apply to an action for a declaratory judgment confirming the authenticity of a certificate or the existence or nonexistence of the facts from which a legal relation arises. Where the testator is not able to sign his name, he must affix his fingerprint in lieu of signature. However, the productivity or sustainable use for the land shall be maintained in following either one. The travel service provided by the tourist agency shall have ordinary value and the agreed qualities. A creditor may transfer a claim of an obligation to a third party, unless; When there is a claim being transferred, all the securities of the claim and other accessory rights are transferred together, except those rights which cannot be separated from the transferor. A note to such effect shall be made in the transcript. On divorce each of the husband and the wife recovers his or her own property whatever was at the time of getting married or changing the property regime, except when the separate property regime was applied. If the steal or the lost property, or other thing which its original possessor unintentionally lost possession, is bought in good faith by the current possessor in an open trade market, or from traders selling things similar to the one possessed, the thing cannot be restored without returning the buyer with the price he paid for it.

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